C Program to Multiply Two Matrices Using Multi-dimensional Arrays

 

Multiply Matrices by Passing it to a Function

#include <stdio.h>

// function to get matrix elements entered by the user
void getMatrixElements(int matrix[][10], int row, int column) {

   printf("\nEnter elements: \n");

   for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < column; ++j) {
         printf("Enter a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
         scanf("%d", &matrix[i][j]);
      }
   }
}

// function to multiply two matrices
void multiplyMatrices(int first[][10],
                      int second[][10],
                      int result[][10],
                      int r1, int c1, int r2, int c2) {

   // Initializing elements of matrix mult to 0.
   for (int i = 0; i < r1; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < c2; ++j) {
         result[i][j] = 0;
      }
   }

   // Multiplying first and second matrices and storing it in result
   for (int i = 0; i < r1; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < c2; ++j) {
         for (int k = 0; k < c1; ++k) {
            result[i][j] += first[i][k] * second[k][j];
         }
      }
   }
}

// function to display the matrix
void display(int result[][10], int row, int column) {

   printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
   for (int i = 0; i < row; ++i) {
      for (int j = 0; j < column; ++j) {
         printf("%d  ", result[i][j]);
         if (j == column - 1)
            printf("\n");
      }
   }
}

int main() {
   int first[10][10], second[10][10], result[10][10], r1, c1, r2, c2;
   printf("Enter rows and column for the first matrix: ");
   scanf("%d %d", &r1, &c1);
   printf("Enter rows and column for the second matrix: ");
   scanf("%d %d", &r2, &c2);

   // Taking input until
   // 1st matrix columns is not equal to 2nd matrix row
   while (c1 != r2) {
      printf("Error! Enter rows and columns again.\n");
      printf("Enter rows and columns for the first matrix: ");
      scanf("%d%d", &r1, &c1);
      printf("Enter rows and columns for the second matrix: ");
      scanf("%d%d", &r2, &c2);
   }

   // get elements of the first matrix
   getMatrixElements(first, r1, c1);

   // get elements of the second matrix
   getMatrixElements(second, r2, c2);

   // multiply two matrices.
   multiplyMatrices(first, second, result, r1, c1, r2, c2);

   // display the result
   display(result, r1, c2);

   return 0;
}

Output

Enter rows and column for the first matrix: 2
3
Enter rows and column for the second matrix: 3
2

Enter elements:
Enter a11: 2  
Enter a12: -3
Enter a13: 4
Enter a21: 53
Enter a22: 3
Enter a23: 5

Enter elements:
Enter a11: 3
Enter a12: 3
Enter a21: 5
Enter a22: 0
Enter a31: -3
Enter a32: 4

Output Matrix:
-21  22
159  179