C Program to Multiply two Matrices by Passing Matrix to a Function

 

Example: Multiply Matrices by Passing it to a Function

#include <stdio.h>

void enterData(int firstMatrix[][10], int secondMatrix[][10], int rowFirst, int columnFirst, int rowSecond, int columnSecond);
void multiplyMatrices(int firstMatrix[][10], int secondMatrix[][10], int multResult[][10], int rowFirst, int columnFirst, int rowSecond, int columnSecond);
void display(int mult[][10], int rowFirst, int columnSecond);

int main()
{
	int firstMatrix[10][10], secondMatrix[10][10], mult[10][10], rowFirst, columnFirst, rowSecond, columnSecond, i, j, k;

	printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: ");
	scanf("%d %d", &rowFirst, &columnFirst);

	printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: ");
	scanf("%d %d", &rowSecond, &columnSecond);

	// If colum of first matrix in not equal to row of second matrix, asking user to enter the size of matrix again.
	while (columnFirst != rowSecond)
	{
		printf("Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.\n");
		printf("Enter rows and column for first matrix: ");
		scanf("%d%d", &rowFirst, &columnFirst);
		printf("Enter rows and column for second matrix: ");
		scanf("%d%d", &rowSecond, &columnSecond);
	}

	// Function to take matrices data
        enterData(firstMatrix, secondMatrix, rowFirst, columnFirst, rowSecond, columnSecond);

        // Function to multiply two matrices.
        multiplyMatrices(firstMatrix, secondMatrix, mult, rowFirst, columnFirst, rowSecond, columnSecond);

        // Function to display resultant matrix after multiplication.
        display(mult, rowFirst, columnSecond);

	return 0;
}

void enterData(int firstMatrix[][10], int secondMatrix[][10], int rowFirst, int columnFirst, int rowSecond, int columnSecond)
{
	int i, j;
	printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 1:\n");
	for(i = 0; i < rowFirst; ++i)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < columnFirst; ++j)
		{
			printf("Enter elements a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
			scanf("%d", &firstMatrix[i][j]);
		}
	}

	printf("\nEnter elements of matrix 2:\n");
	for(i = 0; i < rowSecond; ++i)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < columnSecond; ++j)
		{
			printf("Enter elements b%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);
			scanf("%d", &secondMatrix[i][j]);
		}
	}
}

void multiplyMatrices(int firstMatrix[][10], int secondMatrix[][10], int mult[][10], int rowFirst, int columnFirst, int rowSecond, int columnSecond)
{
	int i, j, k;

	// Initializing elements of matrix mult to 0.
	for(i = 0; i < rowFirst; ++i)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < columnSecond; ++j)
		{
			mult[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}

	// Multiplying matrix firstMatrix and secondMatrix and storing in array mult.
	for(i = 0; i < rowFirst; ++i)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < columnSecond; ++j)
		{
			for(k=0; k<columnFirst; ++k)
			{
				mult[i][j] += firstMatrix[i][k] * secondMatrix[k][j];
			}
		}
	}
}

void display(int mult[][10], int rowFirst, int columnSecond)
{
	int i, j;
	printf("\nOutput Matrix:\n");
	for(i = 0; i < rowFirst; ++i)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < columnSecond; ++j)
		{
			printf("%d  ", mult[i][j]);
			if(j == columnSecond - 1)
				printf("\n\n");
		}
	}
}

Output

Enter rows and column for first matrix: 3
2
Enter rows and column for second matrix: 3
2
Error! column of first matrix not equal to row of second.

Enter rows and column for first matrix: 2
3
Enter rows and column for second matrix: 3
2

Enter elements of matrix 1:
Enter elements a11: 3
Enter elements a12: -2
Enter elements a13: 5
Enter elements a21: 3
Enter elements a22: 0
Enter elements a23: 4

Enter elements of matrix 2:
Enter elements b11: 2
Enter elements b12: 3
Enter elements b21: -9
Enter elements b22: 0
Enter elements b31: 0
Enter elements b32: 4

Output Matrix:
24  29

6  25